It's the comparison of two unlike things that continues through many sentences in a poem. In extended metaphor there are many comparisons between unlike objects.
Usage:
"Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune--without the words,
And never stops at all,
"And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash the little bird
That kept so many warm.
"I've heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me."
Importance:
Extended metaphor is importance because it can make the poem seem interesting and magical. Since in extended metaphor people usually repeat the same thing through many metaphors, it's a repetition which is used to stress a theme or the main point of a poem. Finally, extended metaphors allows people to look at a theme through many points of view, making the reader think more about the message of the poem.
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